Villa D'Este

The Villa d'Este is the most famous of all the Renaissance and Mannerist residences in Europe. It is not that much bigger or more luxurious than the Villa Lante, not that much more stunning than Bomarzo.
It is perhaps because of the famous guests who resided at the Villa d'Este.
In the 19th century, the Cardinal of Hohenzollern allowed his best friend to stay there. This friend was Franz Liszt.
Liszt would come to Tivoli regularly, over a period of four years. There, he has composed the famous "Jeux d'Eaux à la Villa d'Este".
During the 18th century, Hubert Robert and Fragonard have accompanied the Abbot of Saint-Nom on his Italian voyage. These two artists were made the most beautiful drawings to be found of the countryside. A century earlier, de Brosse wrote his most vibrant letters on Italian taste while residing there. Naturally, Montaigne visited the Villa d'Este. The Villa d'Este was commissioned and built by Cardinal Ippolito d'Este.

He was born in 1509. He was the son of Lucrezia Borgia and the grandson of Pope Alexander VI. He was the only Cardinal who could say that he was the grandson of the Pope. In 1572 Ippolito die.

In the garden of the Villa d'Este had worked some excellent artists like Pirro Ligorio who had collaborated with Ippolito for seventeen years.
The other artists are Thomaso Chiruchi, the best hydraulic engineer of the 16th century, and Claude Venard, the most extraordinary manufacturer of hydraulic organs in the world, has worked for the fountain.
Here has worked also three very good painters like Federico Zuccaro, Livio Agresti and Girolaio Luchiano.
Tivoli is very near Rome. The countryside is beautiful. In the countryside of Tivoli there is a big park where had lived the emperor Adriano: “Villa Adriana”.

Historia Augusta

Latino
1.Post haec profectus in Gallias omnes civitates variis liberalibus sublevavit.2.Inde in Germaniam transiit pacisque magis quam belli cupidus militem, quasi bellum inmineret, exercuit tolerantiae documentis eum imbuens,ipse quoque inter manipula vitam militarem magistrans, cibis etiam castrensibus in propatulo libenter utens, hoc est larido, caseo et posca, exemplo Scipionis aemiliani et Metelli et auctoris sui Traiani, multos praemiis, nonnullos honoribus donans, ut ferre possent ea, que asperius iubebat;3.Si quidem ipse post Caesarem Octavianum labantem disciplinam in curiam superiorum principum retinuit ordinatis et officiis et inpendiis, numquam passus aliquem a castris iniustes abesse, cum tribunos non favor militum, sed iustitia comendaret,
Italiano
1. Dopo tutti questi eventi partito per la Gallia salvò tutte le città con ogni agevolazione. 2. Di lì passo per la Germania e più desideroso di pace che di guerra, fece esercitare l’esercito istruendolo con esempi di tolleranza, insegnando la vita militare tra i manipoli, mangiando anche i cibi dei soldati servendosi in propento di formaggio e posca con l’esempio di Elio Sparziano e Metalli e l’autorità su Traiano, donando a molti dei premi e ad altri onori, per sopportare quelle difficoltà che lui indubbiamente comandava;3. Dopo Cesare Ottaviano, frenò la disciplina che si era rilassata con regola ordinate e norme, non sopportando che qualcuno se ne andasse senza un motivo dall’accampamento, assegnando le cariche non al favore dei soldati ma alla giustizia.

Palazzo Farnese

Palazzo Farnese is a prominent High Renaissance building in Rome, which currently houses the French Embassy in Italy.
"The most imposing Italian building of the sixteenth century", according to Sir Banister Fletcher, this palace was designed by Antonio da Sangallo (1484-1546). Construction began in 1517, commissioned by Alessandro Farnese, who had been appointed as a Cardinal in 1493 at age 25 . Work was interrupted by the sack of Rome in 1527. The building was redesigned in 1534 and 1541, modified under Michelangelo after Sangallo's death in 1546 onwards, adjusted for the papal nephew Ranuccio Farnese by Vignola . Several main rooms were frescoed with elaborate allegorical programs including a series of frescoes on Hercules, and The Loves of the Gods by Annibale Carracci. For generations the room with Herculean frescoes (Sala d'Ercole) housed the famous sculpture from Greco-Roman antiquity known as the Farnese Hercules. Other works from the family collection of classical sculpture were also housed in the building. The Palazzo Farnese houses the great library of the Ecole Française de Rome, concentrating especially on the archeology of Italy and medieval Papal history.

Reggia di Caserta

The Palace of Caserta, in Italian Reggia di Caserta, is a royal palace in Caserta, near Naples, built for the Borbone kings of Naples. It was the largest palace and probably the largest building erected in Europe in the eighteenth century. In 1996, the Palace of Caserta was listed among the World Heritage Sites on the grounds that it was "the swan song of the spectacular art of the Baroque, from which it adopted all the features needed to create the illusions of multidirectional space".
The construction of the palace was begun in 1752 for Charles VII of Naples, who worked closely with his architect Luigi Vanvitelli. When Charles saw Vanvitelli's grandly-scaled model for Caserta it filled him with emotion "fit to tear his heart from his breast". In the end, he never slept a night at the Reggia, as he resigned from the throne in 1759 to become King of Spain, and the project was carried to completion for his third son and successor, Ferdinand IV of Naples.